Report Text - Pengertian, Struktur, Language Features, & Contoh
Report text adalah teks yang memberikan informai tentang sesuatu secara umum (general). Contoh, Anda ingin mendeskripsikan kehidupan seekor paus secara umum.
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Social Function of Report Text
Tujuan dari report text untuk mengklasifikasi dan atau mendeskripsikan dengan menggunakan fakta-fakta tentang bagian, kebiasaan, dan kualitas subjek.
Language Features of Report Text
a. Menggunakan simple present tense.
- They live in the deep ocean.
- Elephants live in a big groups.
- Batis is nocturnal.
b. Menggunakan general nouns.
- "Hunting dogs" daripada “our dog".
c. Menggunakan relating verbs untuk mendeskripsikan sesuaty,
- Molecules are tiny particles.
d. Menggunakan action verbs dalam mendeskripsikan kebiasaan,
- Emus cannot fly.
e. Menggunakan technical terms.
- Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map.
f. Menggunakan paragraf dengan kalimat utama untuk menyatukan sekumpulan informasi.
Generic Structure of Report Text
Identification
- Mengenalkan subjek yang akan dideskripsikan kepada pembaca.
- Memberikan infromasi singkat dan detail tentang when, where, who atau what dari suatu subjek.
Description
- Berisi beberapa paragraf.
- Setiap paragraf biasanya dimulal dengan topik kalimat.
- Setiap paragraf sebalknya menjelaskan satu hal tentang subyek.
- Semua paragraf menjelaskan deskrips! detail suatu subjek.
Contoh Report Text
A turtle is the only reptile with a shell. The shell is made of bony or leathery material. A shell is like a suit of armor. Most turtles can protect themselves by pulling their heads, necks, and legs into the shell. The top part of the shell is called the carapace. This part covers a turtle’s back. The bottom part is called the plastron. Most turtle shells are brown, black, or olive green. (IDENTIFICATION)
Some turtles have red, orange, yellow, or gray spots or lines on their shells. Tortoises have big, heavy shells to protect them from enemies on land. Sea turtles have light shells so they can swim more easily.
Turtles that live on land have thick legs for walking. Turtles that live in water have long webbed toes for swimming. Sea turtles have flippers to paddle through the water.
All turtles have tails. Most turtles have short tails. American snapping turtles have long tails. The Asian big-headed turtle has a large, strong tail covered with scales.
Turtles, like other reptiles, breathe air through their lungs. Even sea turtles must come to the surface to breathe. Some turtles can hold their breath for months at a time. They do this when they hibernate at the bottom of a pond or river during winter
Some turtles only eat animals, such as insects, worms, and small fish. Some turtles only eat plants. Most turtles eat both animals and plants.
Turtles do not have teeth. They have a beak, similar to a bird’s, with ridges that they use to cut food. Turtles that eat animals have knife-sharp ridges for slicing through their prey. Plant-eating turtles have ridges with saw-like edges that help them cut through tough plants. Turtles have a tongue that helps them swallow food. (DESCRIPTION)
Contoh Report Text 2
Whales are sea-living mammals and the largest sea animals. (CLASSIFICATION/DEFINITION)
They, therefore, breathe air but cannot survive on the land. Some species are very large indeed and the blue whale, which can exceed 30 meters in length, is the largest animal to have lived on earth.
Superficially, the whale looks rather like a fish, but there are important differences in its external structure: its tail consists of a pair of broad, flat, horizontal paddles (the tail of a fish is vertical) and it has a single nostril on top of its large, broadhead. The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath It lies a layer of fat (blubber). This is up to 30 cm thick and serves to converse heat and body fluids. (DESCRIPTION "HABIT/HABITAT AND PHYSICAL FEATURES)
Contoh Soal Report Text dan Pembahasannya
Direction: answer the following questions correctly by choosing A, B, C, or D.
The following text is for questions number 1 to 3.
SNAKES
Snakes are reptiles (cold-blooded creatures). They belong to the same group as lizards (the scaled group, Squamata) but from a subgroup of their own (Serpentes).
Snakes have two legs, but long ago, they had claws to help them slither along. Snakes are not slimy. They are covered in scales that just bump on the skin. Their skin is hard and glossy to reduce friction as the snake slithers along the ground.
Snakes often sunbake on rocks in warm weather. This is because snakes are cold-blooded and they need the sun’s warmth to heat their boy up. Most snakes live in the country. Some types of snakes live in trees. Some live in water, but most live on the ground in deserted rabbit burrows, thick, long grass, and old logs. A snake's diet usually consists of frogs, lizards, mice, and other snakes. The Anaconda can eat small crocodiles and even boars.
Many snakes protect themselves with their fangs. Boa Constrictors can give you a bear hug which is so powerful it can crush every single bone in your body. Some snakes are protected by scaring their enemies away like the Cobra. The flying snakes glide away from danger. Their ribs spread apart and the skin stretches out. Its technique is just like sugar gliders.
1. What does the text tell us about?
B. Lizards
C. Mice
D. Crocodiles
Jawaban: A
Teks di atas menceritakan tentang kehidupan ular (snakes).
2. Some live in water, ... What does the word some refer to?
B. Snakes
C. Mice
D. Crocodiles
Jawaban: B
Kata some menunjukkan jumlah ular yang hidup di tempat berbeda.
3. Their skin is hard and glossy ... The underlined word has a similar meaning with...
B. gloomy
C. dark
D. greyish
Jawaban: A
Glossy memiliki arti yang sama dengan berkilauan (shiny).
The following text is for questions number 4 and 5.
RHINOCEROSES
Rhinoceroses are wild animals that live in the forest. They have large heavy bodies. Their skins are very thick. They have horns on their noses. Their weight can be more than 2.250 kilograms for each.
Rhinoceroses eat grass. They have such good muscle structures that they can run and change directions very fast. They can sprint at 56 km an hour. Rhinoceros have been reported to enter campsites at night; they scatter smoldering logs of fire and peacefully walk away. Rhinoceroses don’t have very good eyesight for distance. The oxpeckers always accompany them. They give them a warning system.
Rhinoceroses are hunted for their horns. They used to make traditional medicine. The rhinos are listed as endangered on the Red List of Threatened species.
4. What does the first paragraph tell us about?
B. The behavior of rhinoceroses.
C. The capability of rhinoceroses.
D. The reason for hunting rhinoceroses.
Jawaban: A
Paragraf pertama menginformasikan pada pembaca tentang berat, kulit otot, cula badak, dan lain-lain.
5. They can sprint ... (paragraph 2) The underlined word has the same meaning as...
B. eat
C. run
D. fly
Jawaban: C
Sprint artinya berlari cepat (run quickly).
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